第五章、细节题命题思路透析

Part I、命题规律透析

　　细节题考查的是文章中的具体信息和关键细节，是每年考研题型中出现次数最多的题型，一般都有十几道题。与主旨题考查考生对于文章的总体理解不同，细节题考查的是考生对于文章局部结构的掌握。细节题相对于其他题型比较简单，同时做好这类题对于考生在阅读理解部分取得基础分和高分都有着至关重要的作用，因此考生应该争取做对全部的细节题。细节题考查的内容包罗万象，根据阅读文章的具体情况而定。对于议论文来说，细节题的考查范围一般为以下内容：事实、数据、新旧观点、从正面或者反面来论证的例子、文章结论等。对于说明文来说，细节题一般都会涉及到某个具体的事件、现象或者人物，问题往往涉及到：时间、地点、人物、事件特征；起因、过程、结果、意义；目的、条件、步骤、方法； 数据、年代、世纪等。

　　细节题的提问方式非常多样，一般都两种形式，即不完整的陈述句和完整的问句形式。在陈述句中，常用的引出问题的词语或者词组包括from, because of, by, according to 等。在问句中，常用的疑问词包括what, which, where, who, when, how （也就是我们平时经常说的新闻写作的五个"W"+ 一个"H"）。下面我们还将有更加详细的规律剖析。

　　如果进行进一步的细分，则细节题还可以分为以下4类：1、考查事实和同义转化的细节题，这种题目一般会把原文中的信息在不改变原意的情况下通过另一种说法来表述，因此选项中有可能会出现一些新的考生不熟悉的信息。2、考查因果关系的细节题，这种题目中一般要求考生根据题干中的信息在原文中找到某一个现象存在或事件发生的原因和结果，及其之间的关系。3、考查例证关系的细节题，这种题目一般考查考生对于作者在文章中进行举例的目的的理解，也就是说，要考生找出文章中某一个具体的实例所论证的观点。4、考查方式和手段的细节题，这种题目要求考生从文章找出做某一件事情的方法和手段。

细节题常见表达方式

1、考查事实和同义转化的细节题

According to paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to                 . (2007)

In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that                 . (2007)

According to the author, health-saving plans will                 . (2007)

Ericsson and his colleagues believe that                 . (2007)

According to Eriscsson, good memory                 . (2007)

In the author's opinion, advertising                 . (2006)

The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries'                . (2006)

Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that                 . (2006)

According to the author, the department stores of the 19^th century                 . (2006)

The negative feeling generated during the day tend to                 . (2005)

Researchers have come to believe that dreams                 . (2005)

According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as                 . (2005)

An argument made by supporters of smoking was that                 . (2005)

Dr. Brosonan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that monkeys                 . (2005)

The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are                 . (2004)

What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? (2004)

When mentioning "the $4 million to $10 million rage" (line 3, Para 3), the author is talking about                 . (2004)

Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? (2004)

In contrast to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care                 . (2003)

The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should                 . (2003)

Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is                 . (2003)

Straitford is most proud of its                 . (2003)

The emergence of the Net has                 . (2003)