1．It is vital that economic，political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels．

[参考译文] 在全国以至全球营造消除贫困的经济、政治和社会环境很重要。

[结构分析] 该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+that-从句模式，即It is vital that．．．conditions be established．．．；It为形式主语，真正主语为that从句；主语从句的主语是economic，political and social conditions，谓语是be established，请注意；vital后的从句中要使用虚拟语气结构，故be established前省略了should；which引导的从句作主语conditions的后置定语，at national and international levels是介词短语，作地点状语。

[知识链接] It is vital that．．．重要的是……；vital关键的，重要的；alleviate减轻，缓解；poverty贫困；establish建立；at…levels在……范围内／层次上。

2．Yet it is doubtful whether the proposition is strong enough to bear the vast weight of generalization that has been placed on．

[参考译文]然而，这个论点是否依据充分以支持由此推导出的普遍原理，这一点值得怀疑。

[结构分析] 该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+whether从句模式，即Yet it is doubtful whether．．．is strong．．．；让作形式主语，指代后面的whether从句；whether从句中，主语是the proposition，谓语是is，表语是strong；enough是strong的状语，enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置；不定式to bear．．．作结果状语，修饰enough，属于enough to．．．搭配；that has been placed on it为定语从句，修饰generalization，这里的北指代前面的proposition。

[知识链接] It is doubtful．．．令人怀疑的是……；doubtful令人怀疑的；proposition观点，论点；vast巨大的，大量的；place weight on．．强调／重视……；generalization普遍原理。

3．It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses has grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession.

[参考译文] 英国的经济一直在走下坡路，而其开设MBA课程的学校数量却上升了254％，这种情形极不相称。

[结构分析] 该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+that---从句模式，即it is incongruous that the number of British institutions.．．has grown．．．；it作形式主语，指代that 从句，该从句的主语是the number of British institutions，谓语是has grown，现在分词短语offering …courses作British institutions的后置定语，by 254 percent作has grown的程度状语，during a period是has grown的时间状语，when引导定语从句，修饰period，into deeper recession作状语，修饰sliding。

[知识链接] incongruous不一致的，不相称的；institution机构，学校；offer提供(引申为开设课程)；course课程；MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士；slide下滑；recession衰退。

4．It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality．

[参考译文] 人们普遍认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及日后个性的培养影响很大。

[结构分析] 该句子的主干结构是It+is+ed分词+that-从句模式，即it is generally accepted that the experiences of the child．．．determine his character and later personality；it是形式主语，指代后面的that从句，从句的主语是the experiences of the child，谓语是determine，宾语是his character and later personality，in his first years是介词短语，作前面experiences的后置定语，later为形容词，作personality的定语。这个句子翻译时要将被动式h is generally accepted that转为主动式，这符合汉语的思维习惯，因为英文多被动，汉语多主动。

[知识链接] It is generally accepted that．．．人们普遍认为；in his first years早年；largely很大程度上；character性格；later(a山．)随后的，日后的；personality个性。

5．Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me．

[参考译文] 我无法理解为什么人们情愿每天奔波四个小时以换取值得怀疑的乡村之趣。

[结构分析] 这是一个主从复合句，可以拆分为三大部分：(Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country)is (beyond me)；Why引导主语从句，is作谓语，beyond me作表语；主语从句的主语是people，谓体是are prepared to tolerate，a four-hour journey是宾语，介词短语for the．．．country作目的状语，修饰tolerate。

[知识链接] be prepared to do．．．愿意做……；tolerate忍受；dubious令人怀疑的；privilege特权，好处；beyond sb．超出某人能力，某人不理解。

6．It has always been a mystery to me why city-dwellers，who appreciate a，，these things，

obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country．

[参考译文] 城里人喜欢城里的一切，却要执拗地装出他们喜欢住在乡村，这对我来说一直是个谜。

[结构分析] 这是一个主从复合句，主干结构是：It has always been a mystery．．．why city-dwellers．．．pretend that．．．；it作形式主语，指代后面的why．．．从句，该从句的主语是city-dwellers，谓语是pretend，之后的that从句是其宾语；who．．．these things是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词city-dwellers。

[知识链接] mystery神秘性，谜；city-dweller城市居民；appreciate喜欢，欣赏；obstinately固执地；prefer to do．．．宁愿做／更喜欢；pretend that．．．假装。