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【真题例句】Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”， with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005阅读1)
【结构分析】逗号前为主干。伴随状语with the underlying assumption…中包含一个同位语从句that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance，解释前面的名词assumption。
【参考译文】这种表现被认为是“再符合人性不过了”，也就是假定其他动物没有这样高度发达的不满意识。
【真题例句】Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws(2007完形)
【结构分析】本句的主干由there be句型充当。belief后为that引导的同位语从句，说明其具体内容。逗号后的large enough to…和integrated 分别均为states的后置定语。
【参考译文】一般来说，都认为新建立的国家必须是主权独立国家，面积够大可以维持经济上的独立生存，并且由一套共同的法律连接为一体。
【真题例句】Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for selfrule and democracy. (2007完形)
【结构分析】本句主句为Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered…，介宾by fears…作为状语表示原因，fears后的that引导的名词性从句用作同位语，表示担心的具体内容。
【参考译文】平等主义的情绪因为担心大众没有准备好自治和民主经常得到缓和。
【真题例句】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media. (2007-48)
【结构分析】本句的主干为But the idea that…rests on…，idea后面接that引导的同位语从句that the journalist must understand…，说明idea的具体内容。在此同位语从句中，我们注意到使用了比较结构。
【参考译文】新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律，这种观点基于他们对新闻媒体已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。
【真题例句】The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. (2008完形)
【结构分析】本句的主干为一个主系表结构充当The idea…is…主语idea后跟一个that引导的同位语从句，说明其具体内容。句末hypotheses后的that引导定语从句that dare not speak its name，that在从句中作主语指代先行词hypotheses。
【参考译文】一群人可能比其他人更聪明这一看法，是众多不敢公开名称的假设之一。
【真题例句】He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。(2008完形)
【结构分析】句首部分为本句的主干He helped popularize the idea，同位语从句that some diseases not previously thought to…说明idea的具体内容。从句中的主干为some diseases were actually infections，过去分词结构not previously thought to have a bacterial cause为后置定语，修饰diseases，逗号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰限定前面的idea，关系代词which在从句中作主语。在此定语从句中，又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句，代词it也指代前文的idea。
【参考译文】他帮助普及了一个概念：过去认为不是由细菌造成的一些疾病实际上是传染病。这种看法在最初提出时引起了很大争议。
(二)名词性wh-从句
由wh-词引导，包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。
1.Wh-引导主语从句
【真题例句】What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. (2000阅读5)
【结构分析】本句逗号前为既包含主语从句，又包含表语从句的主句。其中主语部分由what引导的名词性从句充当，表语部分由that引导的名词性从句充当。中间插入的部分as easily and openly as once they could使用了比较结构作状语，修饰前面的动词短语confess fully to their dreams。句末的lest引导了一个虚拟的从句，构成形式是should+do，should被省略。此从句中使用了被动语态be thought，并列的三个形容词pushing, acquisitive and vulgar作补语。
【参考译文】事实上，人们不能像从前那么轻松公开地坦承自己的梦想，以免被人看作是爱出风头、贪婪和庸俗。
【真题例句】What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents。(2000阅读5)
【结构分析】本句是一个主系表结构。what引导主语从句What is odd，在主语从句中充当主语，that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents是表语从句，注意从句中代词that指代ambition。
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