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【参考译文】这一观点指出人们没有察觉发生在海洋中的巨大变化是因为他们在审视与现在作对比的过去时，用来衡量这个变化的时间段相对较短。
【真题例句】Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. (2006完形)
【结构分析】本句主干为主系表结构Part of the problem is that…，表语部分由that引导的名词性从句that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs充当，注意be addicted to…翻译为“对……成瘾”。
【参考译文】部分问题在于许多无家可归的成年人都是酒鬼或者是瘾君子。
3.that引导宾语从句
【真题例句】This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed。(2000阅读4)
【结构分析】本句主干为This does not mean that…，that…，but only that…这三个that引导的名词性从句都作mean的宾语，第三个that引导的宾语从句中，分词no longer openly honored作原因状语。
【参考译文】但这并不意味着雄心抱负已经走到了尽头，也不意味着人们不再感觉到它的鼓舞和激励了，而是指由于人们不再以有雄心抱负为荣，所以也很少公开了。
【真题例句】Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community。(2001阅读3)
【结构分析】本句主干在逗号前，Replies show that…，宾语部分是that引导的宾语从句。在此从句中，compared with other Americans为分词所作的状语，主要部分为and并列的两个分句journalists are more likely to live…和they’re less likely to go to…。
【参考译文】对问题的回答表明，与其他美国人相比，记者往往住高档社区、雇有佣人、拥有奔驰车、做股票交易、较少上教堂、做志愿者工作或在一个社区扎根。
【真题例句】The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25—0.5% of GDP. (2002阅读3)
【结构分析】本句主干为The OECD estimates that…，介词短语in its latest Economic Outlook作分隔结构。在that引导的宾语从句中，包含一个if引导的与现在相反的虚拟条件状语从句。
【参考译文】OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与1998年的每桶13美元相比在一年中平均为每桶22美元，这也只会给富裕的经济体的石油进口账单上增加GDP的0.25%到0.5%。
【真题例句】He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another。(200464)
【结构分析】本句主干很清晰，是一个主谓宾结构。宾语从句由that引导的宾语从句充当。在宾语从句中，包含一个because引导的原因状语从句，在此原因状语从句中，我们注意到it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构to formulate…，and后面的not others 与it is easier to formulate相连，翻译成汉语时，我们转译为“阐述其他概念就比较难”，逗号后是reasoned that宾语从句的主要部分he speakers of that language think along one track and not along another。
【参考译文】他推断，因为在某种特定的语言环境下阐述某些概念比较容易，而阐述其他就比较难，因此，那种语言的使用者们就沿着一种思路思考而不是另一种思路。
【真题例句】Just as on smoking，voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。(2005阅读2)
【结构分析】本句的主干在逗号之间，voices now come from…，现在分词短语insisting…作voice的后置定语，这里面包含两个that引导的名词性从句，分别为that the science about global warming is incomplete和that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure，第二个that从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语由不定式短语充当，until we know for sure为时间状语从句。
【参考译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球气候变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。
【真题例句】And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better。(2005阅读3)
【结构分析】根据时态变形的says直接定位主干在句首：一名学术权威说……，后面均为says后的宾语。在宾语从句中，转折连词not only…but连接两个并列harnessed 和 brought 与前面be 构成被动的小谓语，介宾作联系紧密的be brought的状语，不定式to由逗号隔开，作整个从句的目的状语。
【参考译文】一名学术权威说，这些强烈紧张的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，实际上也能被有意识地控制，以帮助我们睡得更好，并感觉更好。
【真题例句】As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas。(2005阅读4)
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