英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。翻译时大多数可译成相对应的汉语，但也还有一些其它处理方法。下面分别加以介绍：
一、主语从句
1.以what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句一般可按原文顺序翻译，例如：
What he told me is only half-truth.
他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而己
2.以“it”作形式主语的主语从句
逻辑主语从句如提前译出，有两种情况：若强调，“it”一般可译出来；如不强调，“it”可不译出来。
It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他参不参加会议没有多大关系。（不强调）
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
在飞机坠毁之后，驾驶员竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（强调）
逻辑主语从句不提前，“it”一般不需译出。
It is suggested that the meeting should be canceled.
有人建议取消会议。
二、宾语从句
1.用that, what, how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不须改变顺序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I′d have to turn it down.
我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。
2.用“it”作形成宾语的句子，that宾语从句可按原文顺序译出，“it”可不译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o′clock in the morning.
我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。
三、表语从句
与宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序译出：
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。
四、同位语从句
1. 同位语从句汉译时不提前：
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中国来访问。
2. 同位语从句提前译出：
Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。
3．用“即”或冒号、破折号引出同位语从句：
But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。
4．单词、短语作同位语的译法：
1）说明身份，称号的英语同位语往往放在专有名词后面，汉译时一般放在前面：
They silently surrounded Tom, a young soldier, in order to take him prisoner.
他们悄悄地包围了一个年轻战士汤姆，企图俘虏他。
2）限制性同位语不须改变位置；
I have been to all the cinemas in this city, big or small.
这个城市的电影院我都到过，大的也罢，小的也罢。
We two like to go there.
我们两个（都）想去。
|
设为首页
收藏本站
联系我们
京公网安备 11010502046246
