(1)把非谓语动词直接译成动词

　　例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects.

　　然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。

　　(2)把非谓语动词直接译成形容词

　　例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

　　巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十世纪二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。

　　(3)把非谓语动词直接译成名词

　　例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind''s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

　　当人们产生同情心的时候并不是一个错误，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄

　　(4)把非谓语动词直接译成谓词动词

　　例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

　　在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求；另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。