[A] cost reduction is based on competition

    [B] services call for cross-trade coordination

    [C] outside competitors will continue to exist

    [D] shippers will have the railway by the throat

    12. What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?

    [A] Indifferent. [B] Supportive.

    [C] Indignant. [D] Apprehensive.

    13. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.

    [A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad

    [B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide

    [C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief

    [D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business

    14. The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4)most probably refers to those.

    [A] who work as coordinators [B] who function as judges

    [C] who supervise transactions [D] who determine the price

    15. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by.

    [A] the continuing acquisition [B] the growing traffic

    [C] the cheering Wall Street [D] the shrinking market

    核心词汇：

    merge 合并

    heighten 使提高，加强

    monopoly 垄断

    freight货物，运费

    substantial可观的，大量的；实质的，真实的

    coordinated协调的

    bulk （巨大的）体积，大量；（大）块

    consolidation巩固，加强

    appeal （to）申诉，上诉；吸引

    captive被俘虏的（文中指shippers—托运商受制于铁路公司）

    discrimination歧视；区别

    flourish繁荣

    一词多义的词汇（本文的意思，就是第一个意思非该词的最常见意义）：

    ground理由，根据；地面

    subscribe同意，赞成；订购，订阅

    表示态度倾向的词汇：

    indignant愤慨的

    apprehensive 忧虑的，担心的

    上述的词汇对理解全文与选择答案影响很大，特别是表示态度倾向的词汇indignant和apprehensive，直接关系到12题的答案选择。复习时应将各课的词汇（包含问题与选项中的词汇）按照上述分类整理记忆，以提高答题的正确率。