1．absence

 n. 1.缺席，不在2.缺席的时间，外出期3.缺乏，不存在

【同】inadequacy; nonattendance; vacancy

【例】

1. 缺席的,不在场的[(+from)]

Three members of the class were absent this morning.

今天早晨该班有三人缺席。

2. 缺少的,不存在的

Snow is absent in his country.

他的国家不下雪。

3. 茫茫然的,心不在焉的[B]

He had an absent look on his face.

他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。

2. absent

adj. ①[表语]缺席、不在②[定语]心不在焉的

注意：be absent from + 地点表示“不在某地”

be absent in + 地点表示“外出去某地”

be absent from the meeting“缺席”

be absent in...当主语是无生命的名词时，意为“没有……”

[例句与例词]

an absent look on his face心不在焉的表情

He is absent in Europe．他现在外出在欧洲。

He is absent from Europe．他现在外出不在欧洲。

He is absent from the meeting．他开会缺席了。

He was absent from his work．他擅离职守。

Snow is absent in some countries．有些国家终年无雪。

3. abuse

n. 1.滥用，妄用2.虐待，伤害3.辱骂，毁谤

vt. 1.滥用，妄用2.虐待，伤害3.辱骂，毁谤

【同】insult; mistreat; victimize

【例】

It's easy to abuse one's power.

人容易滥用权力。

They talked about how the uses and abuses of figures to prove things in politics.

他们谈到人们如何在政治问题上使用及滥用数字来混淆视听。

4. accommodation

n. [常pl.] 住处，膳宿

【同】settlement; convenience; lodging

【例】

I have no method to make accommodation to my quests.

我无法给客人们安排住宿。

Hotel accommodation was scarce during the Olympic Games.

奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难找。

It's a great accommodation to me.

这对我极为方便。

This hospital has accommodation for 200 patients.

这家医院有二百个床位.

5.ache

n. 疼痛

vi. 痛, 哀怜, 渴望

【医】 疼痛

The aching tooth has been nagging at me for a whole week. 

牙痛已经使我整整一周不得安宁了

The children are aching for the holidays. 

孩子们急盼假期的到来

My shoulders feel stiff and my back aches. 

我肩酸背痛。

6. acid

n.〈化〉酸，迷幻药 LSD

adj. 酸味的，像醋的，脾气坏的，〈化〉酸性的；酸的

a solid acid formed by reactions of orthophosphoric acid.  

一种固体酸，由正磷酸反应形成。

n acid derived from sulphuric acid.  

从硫磺酸衍生而来的酸。

synthesis of nucleic acid  

核酸的人工合成

7. acre

n. 英亩(一英亩=4046.87平方公尺, 相当于中国6.070亩); [pl.]土地.耕地, 地产; [口]大量, 甚多

1. Developing a30 - acre tract. 

开拓三十英亩土地不适合

2. The house stands in 500 acres of rolling parkland. 

那所房子周围有500英亩起伏不平的草地.不适合

3. Seed that yields up to 300 Bushels per acre. 

每英亩能产三百蒲式耳的种子不适合

4. Erosion has dissolved acres of topsoil. 

侵蚀作用已使大量表土层流失

8. afterward(s) 

adv.然后，后来地

[特征]

afterwards是英国的用法，美国人更多的是用afterward，这两个词意思一样。

Afterwards the girl left Guangdong for Shanghai.

后来这女孩离开广东去了上海。

We saw the film and afterwards walked home together.

我们看了电影后一起走回了家。

Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield.

过了一会儿,气球开始降落,并且在一个机场附近着陆了。

She had her supper and went out soon afterwards.

他吃过晚饭不久以后就出去了。

[备考必背] 辨析afterwards和later

这两个词有时可以互换。但later可以和具体的时间连用，而afterwards不能。

- He will realize his mistakes afterwards/later. 他以后会意识到他的错误的。

- I saw her three days later. 我三天后见到了她。

9. airplane

n. 飞机

【同】aeroplane, plane

【例】

1. The airplane is airworthy. 

这架飞机是适于飞行的。

2. The airplane was attacked by dropping bombs. 

这架飞机遭到炸弹的袭击。

3. The airplane ascended higher and higher. 

飞机渐渐升高。

4. An airplane alighted on the airdrome. 

一架飞机在机场着陆。

5. The airplane flies at 900 kilometers an hour. 

飞机以每小时900公里的速度飞行。

6. How is it possible for a boy of ten to fly an airplane? 

一个十岁大的男孩会开飞机，这怎么可能呢？

7. When do you guess the airplane will take off? 

你猜飞机何时要起飞？

10.alarm

n. 警报,惊慌,警告,报警器

v. 使...惊慌,警告

词形变化:

副词:alarmingly 动词过去式:alarmed 过去分词:alarmed 现在分词:alarming 第三人称单数:

alarms 例句与用法:

1. I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke. 

我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。

2. The news of the radiation leak caused widespread public alarm. 

辐射泄露的消息引起了公众的普遍恐慌。

3. The government is alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime. 

政府对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到恐慌。